Understanding Feline Herpes Virus
Feline Herpes Virus (FHV-1) is one of the most common and widespread infectious diseases affecting cats worldwide. While the name sounds alarming, understanding how the virus works and how it can be managed empowers caregivers to give affected cats long, comfortable, and happy lives.
Whether you care for street cats, a multi-cat household, or just one beloved companion, awareness of FHV-1 is essential for early detection, responsible treatment, and prevention.
What Is Feline Herpes Virus?
Feline Herpes Virus (also known as Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis) is a highly contagious virus that primarily affects the respiratory system and eyes. Much like the human cold sore virus, once a cat becomes infected, the virus typically remains in their system for life.
Many cats carry the virus without showing symptoms most of the time, but it can flare up during periods of stress, illness, or weakened immunity.
How Is It Spread?
FHV-1 spreads easily through:
Nasal and eye secretions
Shared bowls, bedding, or grooming tools
Close contact between cats
Mother-to-kitten transmission
The virus does not spread to humans or dogs.
Cats living in large colonies, shelters, or outdoor groups are at especially high risk, making community cat management crucial.
Symptoms of Feline Herpes Virus
Symptoms may be mild or severe, and they often resemble a cold or flu. Common signs include:
Sneezing
Runny or congested nose
Watery or thick eye discharge
Conjunctivitis
Eye ulcers
Fever
Poor appetite
Lethargy
Some cats also develop long-term eye issues such as chronic conjunctivitis or corneal scarring.
Kittens, senior cats, and those with compromised immune systems are most vulnerable and may develop complications without prompt care.
Diagnosis
A vet can often diagnose FHV-1 based on clinical signs alone, especially during flare-ups. In more complex cases, diagnostic tests such as PCR swabs or blood tests may be used to confirm the virus.
Treatment and Management
There is currently no cure for feline herpes virus, but the good news is that the condition can be effectively managed. Treatment focuses on reducing symptoms, minimising flare-ups, and supporting the immune system.
Common treatments include:
Antiviral eye drops or oral antivirals
Antibiotics (if secondary infections occur)
L-lysine supplementation (helpful for some cats)
Nasal steam/ humidification to ease congestion
Artificial tears or eye lubricants
At-home care plays a vital role
Keep the eyes and nose gently cleaned
Reduce stress wherever possible
Offer warm, aromatic foods to encourage eating
Maintain good hygiene in multi-cat households
Prevention: Protecting Both House and Street Cats
Vaccination
Vaccination doesn’t guarantee complete immunity, but it significantly reduces the severity and frequency of symptoms. It is one of the most effective tools for controlling the virus in both pets and street cat populations.
Minimising stress
Stress is one of the strongest triggers for flare-ups. Safe spaces, predictable routines, and gentle handling help keep symptoms at bay.
Responsible colony management
For outdoor and community cats, neutering programmes, shelter, and regular access to food and water help reduce stress, crowding, and disease spread.
Living With a Cat With FHV-1
Cats with FHV-1 can live long, comfortable lives with the right care. Many flare-ups are short-lived, manageable, and preventable. With treatment and support, most cats recover from symptoms quickly and return to their usual playful selves.
These cats should not be dismissed or overlooked FHV-1 is incredibly common, and it should never be a barrier to adoption or compassion.
Why Awareness Matters
Many outdoor cats live with chronic viral infections due to lack of veterinary access, stress, and overcrowding. Understanding feline herpes virus helps caregivers recognise symptoms early, reduce transmission, and offer lifesaving support to cats who need it most.
By spreading awareness and promoting vaccination, responsible colony management, and timely veterinary care, we can dramatically improve the quality of life for both domestic and community cats.